The course material begins with a brief introduction on laptops, and talks about how laptops cannot be built as easily as desktops, as they require almost everything to be integrated directly onto the motherboard. Other differences between laptops and desktops include the processors, laptop processors generally have to use less power and have a lower temperature, as they are in a more confined space where it is much more difficult to provide the amount of cooling you can with a desktop.

Laptop RAM is also very different from desktops, starting with the size. The RAM (random access memory) that is most common with laptops is Small Outline DIMM, known as SODIMM. SODIMM RAM can have anywhere from 72 to over 200 pins, depending on what type it is. Another type of laptop memory is MicroDIMM, which is almost half the size as SODIMM.

The book then talks about how some laptops have external drives which connect via USB or a parallel port in order to save space. Laptops also use a 2.5” form factor for hard drives instead of the traditional 3.5” size.

We then learned about how to expand laptops, and what expansion ports they use. Laptops generally have PCMCIA(Personal Computer Memory Card International Association) slots. These PCMCIA cards are generally called PC Cards now. PC Cards are a small expansion card, with 68 pins, which can provide additional USB ports, an Ethernet connection, Wireless connection, or any other type of expansion. There are three major types of PC Cards, Type I, Type II, and Type III.

• Type I: 3.5mm thick, used for memory cards
• Type II: 5mm thick, used for modems and LAN adapters mostly
• Type III: 10.55mm thick, used for PC Card hard disks, almost never used nowadays

After PCMCIA cards, we learned about ExpressCard. Express Card was released in order to support newer versions of USB, and PCI Express. Version 1 supports USB 2.0 and PCIe 1.0, whereas Version 2 supports USB 3.0 and PCIe 2.0. You can have a 34 or 54mm card. CardBus cards are also available, and CardBus cards cannot be plugged into a PCMCIA card, but it will sometimes work the other way.

We then learned about docking stations and port replicators. Docking stations are used when the user wants to have a full-featured desktop experience, such as all the ports that would be on the desktop, and basically adds the extension of a desktop motherboard to the laptop. It’s good to note that docking stations are model number specific, meaning that a Dell Inspiron dock will not necessarily work with a Dell Latitude laptop. A port replicator is able to replicate the functions on the back ports of a laptop can stay plugged into the back of the replicator, and don’t have to be plugged in every time the laptop is brought back to the desk.

After docking stations and port replicators, the power in laptops is discussed. Laptops use two sources of power, batteries, or adapted power, generally from an AC adapter, converted to DC power for the internal components. Batteries for laptops can include Nickel Cadmium (NiCd), Lithium-Ion(Li-Ion), or Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH.) The best and most common laptop battery nowadays is Lithium-Ion, as it avoids problems of earlier batteries, such as having to let the power drain, and not leaving it plugged into the charger after fully charging. Power adapters for laptops generally are an AC adapter that converts AC power into DC output; the brick is responsible for the conversion.

• NiMH – Can be over discharged, high self-discharge rate, where the battery will discharge itself very quickly
• NiCd- Can handle deep discharges well, however is very expensive and not commonly used
• Li-Ion – Limited shelf life, Charge capacity will degrade over time.

Auto Switching power supplies means that the laptop’s power supply will automatically switch between 110 and 220 volts, preventing damage when plugged into different outlets. (For example in another country.)

After power sources in laptops, the four global states of power are discussed.

1. G0 –Working – When a computer is running and working normally it is known as G0, working. The assumption is that all devices are working in full power modes, which is not always the case.
2. G1 – Sleeping- G1 is known as the power saving mode, sleeping. G1 is divided up into four sleep modes, known as S1-S4.

• S1 – CPU stops executing instructions, processor cache is flushed, power is still provided to the CPU and memory. Uses the most power.
• S2- Less power than S1 because the CPU is powered down.
• S3- Standby, computer only powers RAM.
• S4- Hibernation – Information in RAM is written to the hard disk, and the RAM is powered off.

1. G2 – Soft Off – Clicking the shutdown button will initiate a soft off.
2. G3 – Mechanical Off – Happens when there is a complete loss of power to the power supply.

After learning about the global states of power, the processor states are discussed.

1. C0 – Operational state, no power being saved.
2. C1- Halt, powered down, but processor can become operational in an instant.
3. C2- Stop-clock, uses less power than C1, takes longer to return to operational.
4. C3 – Sleep, processor cache is flushed, will take longer than Stop-clock to return to operational.

In addition to processor states, there are also device states; these are for other devices in the computer.

1. D0 – Fully on in the operating state
2. D1 and D2 – Doesn’t use full power or no power, determined by the device
3. D3- Off, the device is completely powered down and unresponsive.

After the states, there is a brief overview of power management, which is mostly review to me. It is shown how to access power management, and that power management can be configured by having multiple power schemes, configuring everything from brightness of the screen to how long until the computer goes to sleep.

At the end of the chapters, what you need to know for the exam is overviewed. This is the following:

• Know the difference between a laptop and desktop processor – Laptops have less space for a processor, which means they have to have a smaller processor that operates at a lower voltage than a desktop processor.
• Understand the differences between laptop memory and desktop memory- Again, laptops have less space, and run on less power, which means they need smaller RAM. The two main memory types for laptops are SODIMM and MicroDIMM.
• Understand Laptop Power Sources – Li-Ion is preferred; AC and DC power sources are available.
• Know how Laptops Handle Power Management- Laptops should be set to power down devices and components faster than desktops in order to preserve battery life. This can be done in the BIOS.
• Know Expansion Devices and Input Devices – Includes PC Cards, Docking Stations, Port Replicators, etc…

We then learned about communications. The first of which is Bluetooth, which is known as a Personal Area Network. Bluetooth has limited range and degrades quickly with distance. Bluetooth was generally designed to be used to remove wires, whether it is a Bluetooth headset, mouse, keyboard, or even transferring devices via Bluetooth devices.

Infrared technology can also be used for laptop communications. Infrared is a direct line of sight method, which means without direct line of sight it will not work (think of a television remote.) Infrared is becoming less common, as it is not very useful since it requires line of sight. This has been replaced with 802.11 Wireless. Mobile broadband allows users to obtain internet access from any location, generally from any type of cellular tower. Speed can degrade depending on cell carrier, just like a cell phone’s reception.

Overall, I found that I learned a lot of information in this chapter. I did not know a lot of the power states, how the power adapters worked, what type of RAM was used, and a lot of other little details that I need to know in order to write the A+ exam.

If you decide to sell or dispose of your old laptop you may want to prevent your personal data being available to the new owner. You could try deleting files or even reformatting the hard disk drive and resetting up Windows. However, neither of these methods will completely remove your data such that it may be possible for an identity thief either to partially or fully recover your personal files. Since when you delete a file it is not really deleted, it is only removed from the file list. Likewise, reformatting a hard disk drive just changes the file header to show no files present. It is very easy for a novice to recover the file headers complete with the data. There are programs that claim to fill the hard disk drive with zeros. However, it is impossible for the laptop novice to be sure that the program has functioned correctly and fully filled it with blank data.

Netbooks

An alternative method to safeguard your data is to destroy the hard drive. Firstly, you will need to locate and remove the hard drive. It is usually located under a door secured with several screws underneath the laptop. Some manufacturers, however, require that the complete laptop base is removed to remove the hard drive. There is usually a bracket and sometimes a connector that should be saved as the new owner will need these to connect a hard drive to the laptop.

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Assuming that you have removed the hard drive and intend to destroy it, you must decide the best way to achieve this. Do not put it in water, put it in a fire, subject it to microwaves, hit it with a hammer, as these methods may be dangerous and will not destroy the data. The only way to be sure that your data is eliminated is to destroy the drive platters (disks). To achieve this you will need to open the drive casing. Most use special screws requiring a Torex or similar driver bit that can usually be obtained cheaply from a DIY outlet. Once opened you will see one or more shiny flat disks; this is where your data is stored. These disks can be removed by unscrewing the securing bolts. If you decide to remove the rare-earth neodymium magnets take great care as they are very powerful and can easily nip a finger!

Once removed the disk or disks can be destroyed either by cutting in half with tin snips or hack saw, bending and breaking with pliers or grinding with a grindstone. Great case should be taken eye protection, and thick gloves should be worn as these disks often shatter rather than break in two.

The advantage of destroying the disk or disks from the hard drive is that you can be absolutely sure that your data is destroyed; however, great care must be taken not to injure yourself.

How to Dispose of a Laptop Hard Drive and Destroy the Data

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Brand : HP
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Stay synchronized and print wirelessly with Bluetooth-enabled laptop Compaq CQ57-410US at affordable prices. Day after day this laptop Compaq classic performance low cost and reliable are a good choice for anyone. Record video conversations over the Internet short videos and still photos with the built-in webcam and microphone. Compaq CQ57-410US You can also e-mail and surf the Internet in every room and on the go with built-in Wi-Fi. The CQ57 is an ENERGY STAR -qualifiziertes product to save electricity. Watch your favorite DVD on 15.6 inch diagonal HD LED backlight. Compaq CQ57-410US See and feel the difference with the imprint finish in black. Laptop Compaq CQ57-410US helps you back up music photos and videos easily with the integrated DVD Rewriter. Transfer photos from a memory card effortlessly with the digital media reader and store thousands of photos directly on your hard disk. Enjoy crisp detailed charts online with integrated AMD video games. Compaq CQ57-410US Also count up to 5 hours and 45 minutes of battery life so that you can paste more rarely. 5.50 Kg this Compaq laptop weighs a little more than a document of Ries. (..Read More…)

Compaq CQ57-410US Technical Detail

Product Features

• 1.3 GHz AMD Dual-Core E-300Accelerated Processor
• 2 GB SDRAM
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Processor, Memory, and Motherboard

• Hardware Platform: PC
• Processor: 1.3 GHz AMD E Series
• RAM: 2 GB
• Memory Slots: 2

Hard Drive

• Size: 320 GB
• Speed: 5400 rpm

Graphics and Display

• Graphics RAM: 949 MB

Sound

• Speakers: Altec Lansing Speakers

Ports and Connectivity

• USB 2.0 Ports: 3

Cases and Expandability

• Size (LWH): 20.4 inches, 3.1 inches, 13.6 inches

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• Battery Type: Lithium ion
• Rated Charge (normal use): 5.75 hours

Wireless

• Wireless Type: 802.11bgn

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Product Features

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• Processor: 1.3 GHz AMD E Series
• RAM: 2 GB
• Memory Slots: 2

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• Speed: 5400 rpm

Graphics and Display

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Sound

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Cases and Expandability

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Wireless

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A friend of mind is interested in a laptop bag —  and shared with me that she likes bright colors (like pink) and loved the herringbone I used in the messenger bag.

Using the bright pink fabric I selected last night and the herringbone,  I came up with the following:

First, I cut out the pocket portion from a pink wool jacket and framed it with the speckled herringbone wool.

Next, I then used the same fabric combination to create the back portion.  The proportions of the bag are approximately 14 X 18 —but this will all be reduced once trimming and seaming takes place.

Then, using a portion of the pink jacket hemline and the satin lining, I created what I hope to be the lining of the bag.

Tomorrow….if there is time…I will come up with a plan for the straps.

The final product will be shared by week’s end!

Free laptops for students have always been popular and now that these free laptop offers are available to everybody and not just students, absolutely anybody can take advantage of these offer. Free laptops for college students is one of the easiest ways to own a laptop. Some students who are enrolled in full time programs can rent from their college or university while they study. The free laptops are the rewards from an incentive program that took place at the school during the past months of this school year. Free laptops for college students are given by several educational institutions to help them cope up with studies better. Aside from that free laptops for students would really help students to have the chance of getting their school works to be done without hassle. Laptops for students are designed to provide them with an edge on the competition in the class by providing them with the limitless information available on the internet. Free laptops are given every day to unsuspecting web users and the good part is, one can choose what laptop to get. I believe it is a big mistake not to require laptops for students. If you also believe the importance of laptops for students. Well, in that case, read on to know more about the free laptops for students.

Free laptops deals with mobile broadband have really kicked off and therefore the range of free laptops being offered has increased. Even those who already own a laptop but are looking for a mobile broadband package are taking advantage of the free laptop specials. Free laptops with mobile broadband have also been seen as an increasingly attractive option in the current economic climate, with many people unable to afford the large upfront costs associated with buying a new laptop outright. The free laptops with mobile phone contracts is currently being offered by Vodafone, O2, T-Mobile and Orange. The free laptops available from some of these providers will differ depending on the type of contract you take out and for how long. Out of these providers 3 are currently offering the widest range of mobile broadband with free laptop packages with 2 different free laptops available with a range of price plans.

Free laptops and notebooks are also distributed to students through prizes, gaming competitions, product surveys etc over the internet. So there are some realistic ways in which you could arrange free laptops for students.

But before browsing for free laptops the first thing students should think about when choosing the best laptops is what the laptop will be used for. Minimum hard drive capacity of 120 GB, bluetooth connectivity and sturdiness are some other factors which should be considered while buying laptops for students.

Free laptops might sound like a really great deal but make sure that you are participating on a legitimate activity. And if you still can’t find any, don’t worry because there are plenty of discount laptops for students out there.

I don’t fancy going downstairs either because the heating has been off for the night and it is bitterly cold and like my mother I am a freezer. I’ll wait for my parents to get up first, put the heating on then after a little I can get up in a warm house. No flies on me.

So far it’s been a quiet weekend, yesterday was spent taking grandma shopping in the morning and going with my dad for him to pick up his trial contact lenses. He hates them already, not that he’s had them in that long. I personally opulent wear them, hate the thoughts of them in my eyes. I think I need glasses but haven’t bothered going for an eye test.

After that brief trip I was home in time for the FA Cup match between Liverpool (my team) and Manchester United (dads team). There was an atmosphere you could cut with a knife in the Nolan household. I thought it was a poor game with many errors by both teams. I was happy that right at the death my team picked up the win thanks to Dirk Kuyt. I must admit I feel sorry for David De Gea, his confidence must be very low. Every time someone takes a shot you are waiting for him to make a mistake. In a few years he will be a great keeper but right now he’s not good enough to be Uniteds number one.

After the football I pretty much spent the rest of the day alternating between playing Skyrim on my PS3 and watching tv whilst poaching with Football Manager 2012.

I am close to completing Skyrim,almost finished the Theives Guild quest line. After that I have the Dark Brotherhood, Deadric Quests and mop up on the dungeons, shouts and standing stones to finish it. Its an enjoyable game and quite simple when you get into it, I finally reached 100k in gold and am thinking of buying a house in Solitude. My man, Boromir, is level 81 and completely maxed out in all his skills..

In Football Manager 2012 I completed my second season in charge if Real Madrid we more of less wiped the board again but I lost in the Spanish Cup to someone. We won everything else though. I’m plotting some wholesale changes to my squad for next season. I’m going to sign some youth to bring on to replace some of my ageing squad members like Xabi Alonso and Iker Casillas.

On tv tonight I was watching the lottery and the most expensive dessert was shown, a dessert Faberge egg made with gold dust, some edible diamond and special champagne and strawberry caviar. It did look delicious and I would like to try one if someone offered me it. It costs a whopping £24,000. Only one person has bought one, a charity donation. It would be nice to taste it but I doubt I could ever afford a spoonful of it haha.

I’m starting to feel sleepy now so I’m going to finish up now and get some sleep. I doubt much of this makes sense given that I am absolutely shattered right now and sleep is the best thing for me. I hope to have some more blogs up this week so keep your eyes peeled.

Goodnight
Nos da

- Posted using BlogPress from my iPad

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